Booting Linux in Less Than 40 Seconds

By Alessandro Franci

Have you ever dreamt about booting Linux in less than one minute? Now this dream can come true: in less than 40 seconds after pressing the power button, you will have a perfect fully-functional operating system, exactly as you left the last session. Even better than you thought, right? Now you could say: "Crazy boy - I don't believe you!" Well then, check it out for yourself.

Amazing, huh? I bet you want it too. It's very simple, and it's all about one word: hibernate.

What's that?

The hibernation process writes the contents of RAM into the swap partition before powering off the system. Later the system can be restored to the state it was in when hibernation was invoked, so that programs can continue executing as if nothing happened. As I showed in the video, restoring from hibernation is much faster than a hard reboot.

Let's begin

First of all, you need a swap partition: create it if you don't have one yet. It should be at least as big as your RAM - so if it's too small, increase it. To create a swap partition, you can use applications like parted, fdisk, cfdisk (shell programs), or gparted (a GUI program). Once you have created or modified the swap partition, you have to set and activate it:

# mkswap /dev/devX
# swapon /dev/devX

where devX is the swap partition (e.g. hda8, sda1, etc).

Patching the kernel

Now it's time to patch the kernel: this patch will add hibernation functionalities to the system. Download the patch for your kernel version from:

http://www.tuxonice.net/downloads/.

If you can't find a patch for your version, then it's time to update the kernel ;-) . Don't worry about the minor version, by the way: for example, if your kernel version is 2.6.23.13 (as mine is), the closest you'll find is a patch for 2.6.23.9. Don't even think of downgrading your kernel! Download the patch for 2.6.23.9 and apply to 2.6.23.13: it will work just fine.

Once you have downloaded it, apply it:

cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.xx.xx
bzcat /path/to/patch | patch -p1

where 2.6.xx.xx is the kernel version to patch. Then configure it and add the hibernation features:

Power management options  ---> 
		[*] Power Management support
		[*] Hibernation (aka 'suspend to disk')
		<*>   Enhanced Hibernation (TuxOnIce) (NEW)  --->
    			<*>   File Allocator
    			<*>   Swap Allocator
    			<*>   Compression support
    			<*>   Userspace User Interface support
    			[ ]   Allow Keep Image Mode
    			[*]   Replace swsusp by default
    			< >   Cluster support  --->
    			[*]   Checksum pageset2
    			(25)  Default waiting time for emergency boot messages
    			< >   Test pageflags

Make sure to have the DMA Engine support enabled: it will really improve the hibernation speed:

Device Drivers  --->
		DMA Engine support  --->
				[*] Support for DMA engines

Also enable LZF compression algorithm: it will compress data and make hibernation faster:

Cryptographic API  --->
		<*>   LZF compression algorithm

Now compile and install it as usual.

Updating the bootloader

The next step is modify the boot loader. You have to add "resume=swap:/dev/devX resume2=swap:/dev/devX" (where devX is your swap partition) to the append section. If you have Lilo, modify /etc/lilo.conf as the example:

image = /boot/vmlinuz
  root = /dev/hda6
  label = Slackware
  append = "fb=no resume=swap:/dev/hda8 resume2=swap:/dev/hda8"

now update the boot sector:

# lilo -v

If you have Grub, modify /boot/grub/menu.lst as below:

title Slackware
root (hd0,5)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda6 fb=no resume=swap:/dev/hda8 resume2=swap:/dev/hda8
ro quiet splash
boot

Reboot

Now it's time to reboot into your new kernel. If everything is fine, during the boot or into the dmesg output you could see lines like these:

TuxOnIce 3.0-rc3, with support for checksumming, usm, compression, swap storage, file storage, userui.
TuxOnIce: Normal swapspace found.

If not, check if you have set up the swap partition:

$ free|grep Swap
Swap:       497972     115020     382952

If the results are a series of zeroes, you've forgotten to set up the swap space. Create and activate it, then reboot and check again.

Installing the hibernation script

Now you need to install the hibernate script. Download it from:

http://www.tuxonice.net/downloads/,

decompress it and install it:

$ tar -xzvf hibernate-script-x.xx.tar.gz
$ cd hibernate-script-x.xx
# ./install.sh

Modifying the hibernate files

Once your installation is in place, you need to modify some files. Open and modify /etc/hibernate/hibernate.conf as below:

TryMethod suspend2.conf
TryMethod disk.conf
TryMethod ram.conf

Open and modify /etc/hibernate/suspend2.conf as below:

UseSuspend2 yes
Reboot no
EnableEscape yes
DefaultConsoleLevel 1
Compressor lzf
Encryptor none
ImageSizeLimit 0
SuspendDevice swap:/dev/devX
PowerdownMethod 5
FullSpeedCPU yes
Include common.conf

where devX is your swap partition.

Check the DMA Engine

Check if the DMA Engine is enabled for your hard drive:

# hdparm /dev/hda|grep dma
 using_dma     =  1 (on)

'hda', of course, should be your hard disk device. If you don't see this, enable it:

# hdparm -d1 /dev/hda

Automate it by adding these lines to your rc.local (/etc/rc.d/rc.local or /etc/rc.local):

# Enabling DMA Engine
echo "Enabling DMA Engine on /dev/hda"
hdparm -d1 /dev/hda

It's time to freeze!

It's time to try the hibernation process:

# hibernate -n

With the -n option, it will only simulate the hibernation process. If the process succeeds, you can now test the real thing:

# hibernate

For these test runs, though, I'd advise you to use the -r1 option. That won't make the system halt - it'll simply reboot. So:

# hibernate -r1

If hibernation works correctly, the system should come up exactly as you left it the last time. If something doesn't work (e.g. the sound system, or the LAN connection), you should add some modules to /etc/hibernate/blacklisted-modules, for example the audio modules, the graphic card modules and the ethernet card modules:

ipw2100
nvidia
snd_maestro3

In this example, you're "black-listing" the NVIDIA graphic driver, the ipw2100 wireless card, and the Maestro audio card.

If you have any other problem, you should visit the project web page:

http://www.tuxonice.net/

Conclusion

In conclusion, depending on your CPU and hard drive performance, less than a minute from a powered-down state to a running Linux system is a reasonable expectation. Enjoy!

Talkback: Discuss this article with The Answer Gang

---

Born in 1988, Alessandro lives in Bologna, Italy. While a Computer Science student at the Universita' di Bologna, he was the 1st Prize winner in year 2007 of the 4th edition of The Research Language Competition, held by the Italian Research Council. He is Linux-addicted, especially about services and the network world: he created and currently manages Web and Mail services at the-root.org. In the summer of 2005 he worked in a DB software house as developer; in 2006, he taught a Linux OS basics class at his High School. Starting in 2007, he has worked as a consultant in private and business venues.