Sending and Receiving SMS from your Linux Computer
What is SMS? SMS stands for Short Message Service and is used to send text messages from one GSM enabled cell phone to another. But sometimes you might want to send an SMS message using your computer. Now there are three ways that you can send an SMS from a computer:
- Use a SMS gateway service that allows your computer to connect to it using an API and send messages. There are a lot of these services available on the web but most are not free and require subscriptions
- Use a cell-phone/GPRS Modem connected to the computer.
- Some service providers allow you to send SMS to a number by sending an email to a specifically formated email address.
I choose to use the second option because my provider doesn't support the last option and I think its cheaper than option one. All you need for this to work is an extra phone and a cheap phone plan that allows you to send and receive SMS's. In my case I had an old Sony Ericsson T610 lying in my desk gathering dust so I got a pre-paid SIM card and I was ready to proceed.
Pre-Installation Steps
The first thing you need is to connect your cellphone to your computer. I recommend using Bluetooth for it because that way there is one less cable you have to worry about on your desk but you can use a USB cable to connect if your phone doesn't support Bluetooth.
If you are using Bluetooth to connect then you will need to Pair the phone and the computer and configure the phone to allow your computer to connect to it without authorization. The steps for this differ from phone to phone so you will have to check the manual for the exact steps to follow.
Once we have the phone configured to auto-accept connections we are ready to proceed. Now in order to allow your computer to talk to your phone you will have to install a modem driver for mobile phones on your computer called gnokii. The steps for this are explained below
Installing gnokii
To install gnokii on a Debian system run the following command as root:
apt-get install gnokii
This will download and install gnokii on your computer. Most of the other distributions should also have an installer package available for download but in-case your distribution doesn't then you can always compile and install it from source.
To install from source you will need to download the latest version of gnokii from the project website( http://www.gnokii.org/download/gnokii/).
Once we have the latest version of the source we can install it on our system. To do that we must first uncompress the archive so issue the following command:
tar -zxf gnokii-0.6.27.tar.gz
Once tar finishes uncompressing the archive change to the gnokii directory using the following command:
cd gnokii-0.6.27/
Now if you are connecting your phone to your computer using Bluetooth you will need to install the libbluetooth-dev library first by issuing the following command as root:
apt-get install libbluetooth-dev
Once the library is installed you can configure the gnokii installer using the following command:
./configure --with-bluetooth=/usr/include/bluetooth
If you are not using Bluetooth then you will have to use the following command instead:
./configure
Once the configuration is complete and you don’t see any errors compile gnokii by running the following command:
make
If the compile finishes without errors install gnokii by running the following command as root:
make install
After gnokii finishes installing you will have to configure it before you can start using it.
Configuring gnokii
A sample configuration file for gnokii is provided in the source file under the Docs/sample/ subdirectory in the directory where you extracted the gnokii source. If you installed gnokii using apt-get then the sample file is installed at /etc/gnokiirc
The easiest way to configure gnokii is to modify the sample configuration file so we start by copying the sample configuration to your home directory using the following command:
cp gnokii-0.6.27/Docs/sample/gnokiirc ~/.gnokiirc
and open it in your favorite text editor for editing. The first thing you need to do is tell gnokii what phone you are using by setting the 'model' variable according to the matrix below:
- Set model = series40, if you have Nokia non-Symbian Series60 phone
- Set model = gnapplet, if you have Nokia Symbian Series60 prior to 3rd Edition phone
- Set model = AT, for all other phones.
In my case I set it to AT.
Next, you need to tell gnokii how your phone is connected to the computer. For this you will have to change the 'connection', 'port' and 'rfcomm_channel' variables.
If you are using Bluetooth to connect then set the connection variable to 'bluetooth' and the port variable to your phone's Bluetooth address as shown below:
connection = bluetooth port = 00:1e:3a:7e:a5:1f
According to the manual the 'rfcomm_channel' can be omitted as its auto-detected but I had to explicitly set it to get gnokii to connect.
Most of the phones use
rfcomm_channel=1 but for my Nokia N95 8GB I had to set it to 2 while
the Sony Ericsson T610 used rfcomm_channel=1. If you are not sure
then you can use 'sdptool search SP' or 'sdptool
search DUN' or 'sdptool browse' to find the right
channel for your phone.
If you are using USB to connect then the connection name depends on the type of cable you are using and the phone model. Some values you can try are 'connection = serial' to use the AT protocol and 'connection = dku2libusb' to use the FBUS protocol (if supported by cable and phone).
The port name also depends on the type of the cable: some cables create a /dev/ttyACM0, others create a /dev/ttyUSB0. When using connection = dku2libusb, port = 1 chooses the first phone, port = 2 the second, and so on. See /var/log/messages to identify the port the phone connects on.
After you make the changes and save the file you are ready to test the connection.
Testing gnokii connection to phone
At a command prompt run the following command:
gnokii --identify
If you have configured everything correctly then you will see an output listing your phone model like the following:
suramya@Wyrm:~$ gnokii --identify GNOKII Version 0.6.9 IMEI : 35954XXXXXXXXXX Manufacturer : Nokia Model : Nokia N95 8GB Revision : V06wk41v46.1
If you don't see this output then gnokii wasn't able to connect to your phone. Make sure that your phone is accepting bluetooth connections, you have the correct model specified and that you are trying to connect to the correct address using the correct protocol.
If you still are not
able to connect then you should enable the debug mode in gnokii by
setting 'debug = on' (Without the quotes) in ~/.gnokiirc. Looking at the debug output will
let you identify the problem and rectify it.
Sending an SMS from your computer
Once you have configured gnokii correctly and get the above output you are ready to send SMS's from your computer. The command to send an SMS is:
gnokii --sendsms destination_number
This command will take the SMS content from the standard input. For example the transcript of sending a SMS to 555-123-4567 will look something like this:
suramya@Wyrm:~$ gnokii --sendsms 5551234567 GNOKII Version 0.6.9 Please enter SMS text. End your input with <cr><control-D>:This is a test message Send succeeded! suramya@Wyrm:~$
gnokii has loads of other functionality. Use gnokii --help to get a list of parameters and functionality.
Now that you have the connection working you are only limited by your imagination as to how you use this. I built a gateway that allows me to send an SMS by sending an email to a specific email address. This program is described in more detail below.
Sending SMS using specially formated Emails
To send an SMS when I receive a specifically formated email I needed to write a program that checks for new emails and then processes them. I used Perl for this as its great for text processing and I had already written part of the code for another project (sending/receiving IM's as email.)
The first thing I needed was a new email account that I could access using POP3. Since I have my own domain I logged on to my domains admin section and created a new email address but you can use gmail if you want.
In my code I assume that the phone # to which I am sending an SMS to is in the subject of the email sent and the body of the SMS is the actual body of the email.
The code to connect and download the email is simple:
$pop3 = Net::POP3->new($ServerName); # Connect to email server
die "Couldn't log on to server" unless $pop3;
$Num_Messages = $pop3->login($UserName, $Password); # Login to the server and get No of messages
die "Couldn't log on to server" unless $pop3;
$Messages = $pop3->list(); # Get message list
foreach $msg_id (keys(%$Messages))
{
$MsgContent = $pop3->top($msg_id, 40);
ProcessEmail(@$MsgContent);
$pop3->delete ($msg_id);
}
In the code above we connect to the email server, download the list of new emails and then download each email in a loop, process them and then delete the message.
All the processing work is done in the ProcessEmail(). In this function we first extract the 'From' name from the email (this is appended to the SMS so that the recipient knows who sent it).
my (@lines) = @_;
my $body_start =FALSE;
$sms_body = "";
# Declare local variables
my ($from, $line, $sms_to );
# Check each line in the header
foreach $line (@lines)
{
if($line =~ m/^From: (.*)/)
{
# We found the "From" field, so let's get what we need
$from = $1;
$from =~ s/"|<.*>//g;
$from = substr($from, 0, 39); # This gives us the 'From' Name
}
Once we have the 'From' field we extract the subject from the email and make sure its a phone number (This number can be prefixed with a + for country codes). If its not a number then we ignore the email and abort. The code for this is shown below:
elsif( $line =~ m/^Subject: (.*)/)
{
# We found the "Subject" field. This contains the No to send the SMS to.
$sms_to = $1;
$sms_to = substr($sms_to, 0, 29);
if ($sms_to =~ /^[+]?\d+$/ ) # here we check if the subject is a no. If so we proceed.
{
print "Got email. Subject is a number. Processing further\n";
}
else # Otherwise we delete the message and ignore it.
{
print "Got email. Subject is NOT a number. Ignoring it. \n";
return;
}
}
Finally we extract the body from the email. This becomes the body of the SMS message
# This is the last line in the email header; after this the body starts
elsif(( $line =~ m/^Envelope-To:/)||($body_start eq TRUE))
{
if($body_start ne FALSE)
{
$sms_body = $sms_body . $line;
}
$body_start=TRUE;
}
Now we have all the required components for sending the SMS: Destination Number, SMS Body and the From address so we are ready to send the SMS. However since we can only send a max of 160 chars in one message we need to make sure that the SMS body is broken down into 160 char chunks before we can send the SMS
my @stringChunksArray = ($sms_body =~ m/(.{1,160})/gs);
for($i=0;$i<@stringChunksArray;$i++)
{
# Start gnokii and wait for the SMS body
open(GNOKII, "| gnokii --sendsms $sms_to") || die "Error starting gnokii failed: $!\n";
print GNOKII $stringChunksArray[$i]; # Print the SMS body in 160 Char chunks
close(GNOKII);
# This is there so that the phone gets time to reset after each message;
# otherwise the send fails
sleep(10);
}
The complete source code for Email2SMS is available for download here.
Receiving SMS messages on your computer
The ability to receive messages on your computer depends on the phone you are using as not all phones are completely supported by gnokii. According to the project website most Nokia phones from the 3110/3180, 5110/6110, 7110/6210 and 6510/6310 series are supported well. Unfortunately the AT support in the Symbian OS is very limited so very basic functionality is supported on these phones. More details on supported phone models is available at the project site.
To my sorrow I was unable to read SMS messages from both my Nokia N95 and T610 phones using gnokii. I only managed to get the system to send SMS messages from these phones.
If your phone is supported then you can read a SMS message on the phone by issuing the following command:
gnokii --getsms MemoryType Start [end]
Memory type tells gnokii where to read the SMS from. Most phones support only a limited subset of memory types. To get a list of supported memory types use the following command:
gnokii --showsmsfolderstatus
Some Possible values are:
- ME: Internal Phone memory
- SM: SIM card
- MT: Combined ME and SIM phonebook
- CB: Currently selected memory
To read all the SMS's on the phones internal memory to the standard display issue the following command:
gnokii --getsms ME 1 end
Another interesting option for reading SMS is --smsreader which will wait for incoming messages and saves them into a mailbox under /tmp/sms/* (actual filename varies). In this case the messages are never saved on the phone.
Conclusions
Now that you have your phone connected to your computer you can have your computer SMS you when a certain criteria like a particular incoming email, or when you have an important appointment coming up. You can have it wait for a message and then initiate a call to a specific number and play a wave file to the phone. All you are limited by now is your imagination and the capabilities of your phone.
I am interested in hearing about any projects that you might build
based on this article so if you have an interesting project idea do
contact me.
Talkback: Discuss this article with The Answer Gang
I was born in 1980 in a small Air Force hospital in Hashimara, India. I
then spent the next 18 years of my life all over India during which I had
the pleasure of attending 7 schools to complete 12 years of schooling.
I started using Linux in late 1999 when a friend lent me a Redhat 7.1
installation CD and another friend 'donated' a 6GB harddisk. This was right
after my Win98 had crashed for the nth time so I decided to give Linux a
shot. I tried it and got hooked almost instantly. Over the next 2 years I
upgraded to Redhat 7.3 but when Redhat decided to stop support for RH 7.3 I
switched to Debian and have been living happily ever since.
I like to program a lot and have recently figured out how to decipher
the jumble of characters some people like to call Perl and found that I
actually like it. For websites I like using PHP with MySQL backends and can
program with C, C++, VB and .Net. I am also very interested in computer
security and Artificial Intelligence and try to read as much on
these topics as I can.
Other than working on the computer I like reading (mainly Fantasy and
Science Fiction but I will read anything except romance novels), listening
to music (fav singers include: Shania Twain, In-Grid, Crystal Waters) and
taking stuff apart to see how it works.
If you are really bored and want to learn more about me then feel free to
visit my website at: http://www.suramya.com where you will find
more info about me than you ever wanted to know.
