6.12. Installing Glibc-2.3.2
Estimated build time: 12.3 SBU Estimated required disk space: 784 MB |
6.12.1. Contents of Glibc
Glibc is the C library that provides the system calls and basic functions such as open, malloc, printf, etc. The C library is used by all dynamically linked programs.
Installed programs: catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, glibcbug, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, nscd_nischeck, pcprofiledump, pt_chown, rpcgen, rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump and zic
Installed libraries: ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so], libbsd-compat.a, libc.[a,so], libc_nonshared.a, libcrypt.[a,so], libdl.[a,so], libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so], libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so and libutil.[a,so]
6.12.3. Glibc Installation Dependencies
Glibc depends on: Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, Gawk, GCC, Gettext, Grep, Make, Perl, Sed, Texinfo.
6.12.5. Glibc installation
The Glibc build system is very well self-contained and will install perfectly, even though our compiler specs file and linker are still pointing at /tools. We cannot adjust the specs and linker before the Glibc install, because the Glibc autoconf tests would then give bogus results and thus defeat our goal of achieving a clean build.
 | The test suite for Glibc in this section is considered critical. Our advice is to not skip it under any circumstance. |
Before starting to build Glibc, remember to unpack the Glibc-linuxthreads again inside the glibc-2.3.2 directory, and to unset any environment variables that override the default optimization flags.
Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will complain about the absence of /etc/ld.so.conf. Fix this annoying little warning with:
touch /etc/ld.so.conf |
Then apply the same patch we used previously:
patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.3.2-sscanf-1.patch |
The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory:
mkdir ../glibc-build cd ../glibc-build |
Now prepare Glibc for compilation:
../glibc-2.3.2/configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
--libexecdir=/usr/bin --with-headers=/usr/include |
The meaning of the new configure options:
--libexecdir=/usr/bin: This will cause the pt_chown program to be installed in the /usr/bin directory.
--with-headers=/usr/include: This ensures that the kernel headers in /usr/include are used for this build. If you don't pass this switch then the headers from /tools/include are used which of course is not ideal (although they should be identical). Using this switch has the advantage that you will be informed immediately should you have forgotten to install the kernel headers into /usr/include.
Compile the package:
make |
Test the results:
make check |
The test suite notes from Section 5.9 are still very much appropriate here. Be sure to refer back there should you have any doubts.
And install the package:
make install |
The locales that can make your system respond in a different language weren't installed by the above command. Do it with this:
make localedata/install-locales |
An alternative to running the previous command is to install only those locales which you need or want. This can be achieved using the localedef command. Information on this can be found in the INSTALL file in the glibc-2.3.2 tree. However, there are a number of locales that are essential for the tests of future packages to pass correctly. The following instructions, in place of the install-locales command above, will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run successfully:
mkdir -p /usr/lib/locale localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP |
Finally, build the linuxthreads man pages:
make -C ../glibc-2.3.2/linuxthreads/man |
And install these pages:
make -C ../glibc-2.3.2/linuxthreads/man install |
6.12.7. Configuring Glibc
We need to create the /etc/nsswitch.conf file, because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt, the Glibc defaults don't work well with networking. Also, our time zone needs to be set up.
Create a new file /etc/nsswitch.conf by running the following:
cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files group: files shadow: files publickey: files hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files netgroup: db files # End /etc/nsswitch.conf EOF |
To find out what time zone you're in, run the following script:
tzselect |
When you've answered a few questions about your location, the script will output the name of your time zone, something like EST5EDT or Canada/Eastern. Then create the /etc/localtime file by running:
cp --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime |
The meaning of the option:
--remove-destination: This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic link. The reason why we copy instead of symlink is to cover the situation where /usr is on a separate partition. This could matter, for example, when booted into single user mode.
Of course, instead of Canada/Eastern, fill in the name of the time zone that the tzselect script gave you.
6.12.9. Configuring Dynamic Loader
By default, the dynamic loader (/lib/ld-linux.so.2) searches through /lib and /usr/lib for dynamic libraries that are needed by programs when you run them. However, if there are libraries in directories other than /lib and /usr/lib, you need to add them to the /etc/ld.so.conf file for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known to contain additional libraries are /usr/local/lib and /opt/lib, so we add those directories to the dynamic loader's search path.
Create a new file /etc/ld.so.conf by running the following:
cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/ld.so.conf /usr/local/lib /opt/lib # End /etc/ld.so.conf EOF |